RBFWithQuadraticLagrange.cpp

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#include "RBFWithQuadraticLagrange.hpp"
#include "RBFWithQuadratic.hpp"
 
#include <polyfem/utils/Types.hpp>
#include <polyfem/utils/MatrixUtils.hpp>
#include <polyfem/utils/Logger.hpp>
 
#include <igl/Timer.h>
#include <Eigen/Dense>
#include <iostream>
#include <fstream>
#include <array>
 
using namespace polyfem;
using namespace polyfem::assembler;
using namespace polyfem::basis;
using namespace polyfem::quadrature;
using namespace polyfem::utils;
 
namespace
{
 
    // Harmonic kernel
    double kernel(const bool is_volume, const double r)
    {
        if (r < 1e-8)
        {
            return 0;
        }
 
        if (is_volume)
        {
            return 1 / r;
        }
        else
        {
            return log(r);
        }
    }
 
    double kernel_prime(const bool is_volume, const double r)
    {
        if (r < 1e-8)
        {
            return 0;
        }
 
        if (is_volume)
        {
            return -1 / (r * r);
        }
        else
        {
            return 1 / r;
        }
    }
 
    // Biharmonic kernel (2d only)
    // double kernel(const bool is_volume, const double r) {
    //  assert(!is_volume);
    //  if (r < 1e-8) { return 0; }
 
    //  return r * r * (log(r)-1);
    // }
 
    // double kernel_prime(const bool is_volume, const double r) {
    //  assert(!is_volume);
    //  if (r < 1e-8) { return 0; }
 
    //  return r * ( 2 * log(r) - 1);
    // }
 
} // anonymous namespace
 
 
RBFWithQuadraticLagrange::RBFWithQuadraticLagrange(
    const LinearAssembler &assembler,
    const Eigen::MatrixXd &centers,
    const Eigen::MatrixXd &collocation_points,
    const Eigen::MatrixXd &local_basis_integral,
    const Quadrature &quadr,
    Eigen::MatrixXd &rhs,
    bool with_constraints)
    : centers_(centers)
{
    // centers_.resize(0, centers.cols());
    compute_weights(assembler, collocation_points, local_basis_integral, quadr, rhs, with_constraints);
}
RBFWithQuadraticLagrange::RBFWithQuadraticLagrange( {…}
 
// -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
 
void RBFWithQuadraticLagrange::basis(const int local_index, const Eigen::MatrixXd &samples, Eigen::MatrixXd &val) const
{
    Eigen::MatrixXd tmp;
    bases_values(samples, tmp);
    val = tmp.col(local_index);
}
void RBFWithQuadraticLagrange::basis(const int local_index, const Eigen::MatrixXd &samples, Eigen::MatrixXd &val) const {…}
 
// -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
 
void RBFWithQuadraticLagrange::grad(const int local_index, const Eigen::MatrixXd &samples, Eigen::MatrixXd &val) const
{
    Eigen::MatrixXd tmp;
    const int dim = centers_.cols();
    val.resize(samples.rows(), dim);
    for (int d = 0; d < dim; ++d)
    {
        bases_grads(d, samples, tmp);
        val.col(d) = tmp.col(local_index);
    }
}
void RBFWithQuadraticLagrange::grad(const int local_index, const Eigen::MatrixXd &samples, Eigen::MatrixXd &val) const {…}
 
 
void RBFWithQuadraticLagrange::bases_values(const Eigen::MatrixXd &samples, Eigen::MatrixXd &val) const
{
    // Compute A
    Eigen::MatrixXd A;
    compute_kernels_matrix(samples, A);
 
    // Multiply by the weights
    val = A * weights_;
}
void RBFWithQuadraticLagrange::bases_values(const Eigen::MatrixXd &samples, Eigen::MatrixXd &val) const {…}
 
// -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
 
void RBFWithQuadraticLagrange::bases_grads(const int axis, const Eigen::MatrixXd &samples, Eigen::MatrixXd &val) const
{
    const int num_kernels = centers_.rows();
    const int dim = (is_volume() ? 3 : 2);
 
    // Compute ∇xA
    Eigen::MatrixXd A_prime(samples.rows(), num_kernels + 1 + dim + dim * (dim + 1) / 2);
    A_prime.setZero();
 
    for (int j = 0; j < num_kernels; ++j)
    {
        A_prime.col(j) = (samples.rowwise() - centers_.row(j)).rowwise().norm().unaryExpr([this](double x) { return kernel_prime(is_volume(), x) / x; });
        A_prime.col(j) = (samples.col(axis).array() - centers_(j, axis)) * A_prime.col(j).array();
    }
    // Linear terms
    A_prime.middleCols(num_kernels + 1 + axis, 1).setOnes();
    // Mixed terms
    if (dim == 2)
    {
        A_prime.col(num_kernels + 1 + dim) = samples.col(1 - axis);
    }
    else
    {
        A_prime.col(num_kernels + 1 + dim + axis) = samples.col((axis + 1) % dim);
        A_prime.col(num_kernels + 1 + dim + (axis + 2) % dim) = samples.col((axis + 2) % dim);
    }
    // Quadratic terms
    A_prime.rightCols(dim).col(axis) = 2.0 * samples.col(axis);
 
    // Apply weights
    val = A_prime * weights_;
}
void RBFWithQuadraticLagrange::bases_grads(const int axis, const Eigen::MatrixXd &samples, Eigen::MatrixXd &val) const {…}
 
 
void RBFWithQuadraticLagrange::compute_kernels_matrix(const Eigen::MatrixXd &samples, Eigen::MatrixXd &A) const
{
    // Compute A
    const int num_kernels = centers_.rows();
    const int dim = (is_volume() ? 3 : 2);
 
    A.resize(samples.rows(), num_kernels + 1 + dim + dim * (dim + 1) / 2);
    for (int j = 0; j < num_kernels; ++j)
    {
        A.col(j) = (samples.rowwise() - centers_.row(j)).rowwise().norm().unaryExpr([this](double x) { return kernel(is_volume(), x); });
    }
    A.col(num_kernels).setOnes();                 // constant term
    A.middleCols(num_kernels + 1, dim) = samples; // linear terms
    if (dim == 2)
    {
        A.middleCols(num_kernels + dim + 1, 1) = samples.rowwise().prod(); // mixed terms
    }
    else if (dim == 3)
    {
        A.middleCols(num_kernels + dim + 1, 3) = samples;
        A.middleCols(num_kernels + dim + 1 + 0, 1).array() *= samples.col(1).array();
        A.middleCols(num_kernels + dim + 1 + 1, 1).array() *= samples.col(2).array();
        A.middleCols(num_kernels + dim + 1 + 2, 1).array() *= samples.col(0).array();
    }
    A.rightCols(dim) = samples.array().square(); // quadratic terms
}
void RBFWithQuadraticLagrange::compute_kernels_matrix(const Eigen::MatrixXd &samples, Eigen::MatrixXd &A) const {…}
 
// -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
 
void RBFWithQuadraticLagrange::compute_constraints_matrix_2d_old(
    const int num_bases, const Quadrature &quadr, Eigen::MatrixXd &C) const
{
    const int num_kernels = centers_.rows();
    const int dim = centers_.cols();
    assert(dim == 2);
 
    // K_cst = ∫φj
    // K_lin = ∫∇x(φj), ∫∇y(φj)
    // K_mix = ∫y·∇x(φj), ∫x·∇y(φj)
    // K_sqr = ∫x·∇x(φj), ∫y·∇y(φj)
    Eigen::VectorXd K_cst = Eigen::VectorXd::Zero(num_kernels);
    Eigen::MatrixXd K_lin = Eigen::MatrixXd::Zero(num_kernels, dim);
    Eigen::MatrixXd K_mix = Eigen::MatrixXd::Zero(num_kernels, dim);
    Eigen::MatrixXd K_sqr = Eigen::MatrixXd::Zero(num_kernels, dim);
    for (int j = 0; j < num_kernels; ++j)
    {
        // ∫∇x(φj)(p) = Σ_q (xq - xk) * 1/r * h'(r) * wq
        // - xq is the x coordinate of the q-th quadrature point
        // - wq is the q-th quadrature weight
        // - r is the distance from pq to the kernel center
        // - h is the RBF kernel (scalar function)
        for (int q = 0; q < quadr.points.rows(); ++q)
        {
            const RowVectorNd p = quadr.points.row(q) - centers_.row(j);
            const double r = p.norm();
            const RowVectorNd gradPhi = p * kernel_prime(is_volume(), r) / r * quadr.weights(q);
            K_cst(j) += kernel(is_volume(), r) * quadr.weights(q);
            K_lin.row(j) += gradPhi;
            K_mix(j, 0) += quadr.points(q, 1) * gradPhi(0);
            K_mix(j, 1) += quadr.points(q, 0) * gradPhi(1);
            K_sqr.row(j) += (quadr.points.row(q).array() * gradPhi.array()).matrix();
        }
    }
 
    // I_lin = ∫x, ∫y
    // I_mix = ∫xy
    // I_sqr = ∫x², ∫y²
    Eigen::RowVectorXd I_lin = (quadr.points.array().colwise() * quadr.weights.array()).colwise().sum();
    Eigen::RowVectorXd I_mix = (quadr.points.rowwise().prod().array() * quadr.weights.array()).colwise().sum();
    Eigen::RowVectorXd I_sqr = (quadr.points.array().square().colwise() * quadr.weights.array()).colwise().sum();
    double volume = quadr.weights.sum();
 
    // TODO
    //  std::cout << I_lin << std::endl;
    //  std::cout << I_mix << std::endl;
    //  std::cout << I_sqr << std::endl;
 
    // Compute M
    Eigen::Matrix<double, 5, 5> M;
    M << volume, 0, I_lin(1), 2 * I_lin(0), 0,
        0, volume, I_lin(0), 0, 2 * I_lin(1),
        I_lin(1), I_lin(0), I_sqr(0) + I_sqr(1), 2 * I_mix(0), 2 * I_mix(0),
        4 * I_lin(0), 2 * I_lin(1), 4 * I_mix(0), 6 * I_sqr(0), 2 * I_sqr(1),
        2 * I_lin(0), 4 * I_lin(1), 4 * I_mix(0), 2 * I_sqr(0), 6 * I_sqr(1);
    Eigen::FullPivLU<Eigen::Matrix<double, 5, 5>> lu(M);
 
    show_matrix_stats(M);
 
    // Compute L
    C.resize(5, num_kernels + 1 + dim + dim * (dim + 1) / 2);
    C.setZero();
    C.block(0, 0, dim, num_kernels) = K_lin.transpose();
    C.block(dim, 0, 1, num_kernels) = K_mix.transpose().colwise().sum();
    C.block(dim + 1, 0, dim, num_kernels) = 2.0 * (K_sqr.colwise() + K_cst).transpose();
    C.block(dim + 1, num_kernels, dim, 1).setConstant(2.0 * volume);
    C.bottomRightCorner(5, 5) = M;
    // std::cout << L.bottomRightCorner(10, 10) << std::endl;
}
void RBFWithQuadraticLagrange::compute_constraints_matrix_2d_old( {…}
 
void RBFWithQuadraticLagrange::compute_constraints_matrix_2d(const LinearAssembler &assembler,
                                                             const int num_bases, const Quadrature &quadr, Eigen::MatrixXd &C) const
{
    // TODO
    const double t = 0;
    const int num_kernels = centers_.rows();
    const int space_dim = centers_.cols();
    const int assembler_dim = assembler.is_tensor() ? 2 : 1;
    assert(space_dim == 2);
 
    std::array<Eigen::MatrixXd, 5> strong;
 
    // ass_val = [q_10, q_01, q_11, q_20, q_02, psi_0, ..., psi_k]
    ElementAssemblyValues ass_val;
    ass_val.has_parameterization = false;
    ass_val.basis_values.resize(5 + num_kernels);
 
    // evaluating monomial and grad of monomials at quad points
    RBFWithQuadratic::setup_monomials_vals_2d(0, quadr.points, ass_val);
    RBFWithQuadratic::setup_monomials_strong_2d(assembler_dim, assembler, quadr.points, quadr.weights.array(), strong);
 
    // evaluating psi and grad psi at quadr points
    for (int j = 0; j < num_kernels; ++j)
    {
        ass_val.basis_values[5 + j].val = Eigen::MatrixXd(quadr.points.rows(), 1);
        ass_val.basis_values[5 + j].grad = Eigen::MatrixXd(quadr.points.rows(), quadr.points.cols());
 
        for (int q = 0; q < quadr.points.rows(); ++q)
        {
            const RowVectorNd p = quadr.points.row(q) - centers_.row(j);
            const double r = p.norm();
 
            ass_val.basis_values[5 + j].val(q) = kernel(is_volume(), r);
            ass_val.basis_values[5 + j].grad.row(q) = p * kernel_prime(is_volume(), r) / r;
        }
    }
 
    for (size_t i = 5; i < ass_val.basis_values.size(); ++i)
    {
        ass_val.basis_values[i].grad_t_m = ass_val.basis_values[i].grad;
    }
 
    // Compute C
    C.resize(RBFWithQuadratic::index_mapping(assembler_dim - 1, assembler_dim - 1, 4, assembler_dim) + 1, num_kernels + 1 + 5);
    C.setZero();
 
    for (int d = 0; d < 5; ++d)
    {
        // first num_kernels bases
        for (int i = 0; i < num_kernels; ++i)
        {
            const auto tmp = assembler.assemble(LinearAssemblerData(ass_val, t, d, 5 + i, quadr.weights));
            for (int alpha = 0; alpha < assembler_dim; ++alpha)
            {
                for (int beta = 0; beta < assembler_dim; ++beta)
                {
                    const int loc_index = alpha * assembler_dim + beta;
                    C(RBFWithQuadratic::index_mapping(alpha, beta, d, assembler_dim), i) = tmp(loc_index) + (strong[d].row(loc_index).transpose().array() * ass_val.basis_values[5 + i].val.array()).sum();
                }
            }
        }
 
        // second the q_i
        for (int i = 0; i < 5; ++i)
        {
            const auto tmp = assembler.assemble(LinearAssemblerData(ass_val, t, d, i, quadr.weights));
            for (int alpha = 0; alpha < assembler_dim; ++alpha)
            {
                for (int beta = 0; beta < assembler_dim; ++beta)
                {
                    const int loc_index = alpha * assembler_dim + beta;
                    C(RBFWithQuadratic::index_mapping(alpha, beta, d, assembler_dim), num_kernels + i + 1) = tmp(loc_index) + (strong[d].row(loc_index).transpose().array() * ass_val.basis_values[i].val.array()).sum();
                }
            }
        }
 
        // finally the constant
        for (int alpha = 0; alpha < assembler_dim; ++alpha)
        {
            for (int beta = 0; beta < assembler_dim; ++beta)
            {
                // std::cout<<alpha <<" "<< beta <<" "<< d <<" "<< assembler_dim<< " -> r = "<< RBFWithQuadratic::index_mapping(alpha, beta, d, assembler_dim)<<std::endl;
                const int loc_index = alpha * assembler_dim + beta;
                C(RBFWithQuadratic::index_mapping(alpha, beta, d, assembler_dim), num_kernels) = strong[d].row(loc_index).sum();
            }
        }
    }
 
    // {
    //  std::ofstream file;
    //  file.open("C.txt");
    //  file << C;
    //  file.close();
    // }
 
    // Eigen::MatrixXd Cold;
    // compute_constraints_matrix_2d_old(num_bases, quadr,Cold);
    // {
    //  std::ofstream file;
    //  file.open("Cold.txt");
    //  file << Cold;
    //  file.close();
    // }
}
void RBFWithQuadraticLagrange::compute_constraints_matrix_2d(const LinearAssembler &assembler, {…}
 
// -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
 
void RBFWithQuadraticLagrange::compute_constraints_matrix_3d(
    const int num_bases, const Quadrature &quadr, Eigen::MatrixXd &C) const
{
    const int num_kernels = centers_.rows();
    const int dim = centers_.cols();
    assert(dim == 3);
 
    // K_cst = ∫φj
    // K_lin = ∫∇x(φj), ∫∇y(φj), ∫∇z(φj)
    // K_mix = ∫(y·∇x(φj)+x·∇y(φj)), ∫(z·∇y(φj)+y·∇z(φj)), ∫(x·∇z(φj)+z·∇x(φj))
    // K_sqr = ∫x·∇x(φj), ∫y·∇y(φj), ∫z·∇z(φj)
    Eigen::VectorXd K_cst = Eigen::VectorXd::Zero(num_kernels);
    Eigen::MatrixXd K_lin = Eigen::MatrixXd::Zero(num_kernels, dim);
    Eigen::MatrixXd K_mix = Eigen::MatrixXd::Zero(num_kernels, dim);
    Eigen::MatrixXd K_sqr = Eigen::MatrixXd::Zero(num_kernels, dim);
    for (int j = 0; j < num_kernels; ++j)
    {
        // ∫∇x(φj)(p) = Σ_q (xq - xk) * 1/r * h'(r) * wq
        // - xq is the x coordinate of the q-th quadrature point
        // - wq is the q-th quadrature weight
        // - r is the distance from pq to the kernel center
        // - h is the RBF kernel (scalar function)
        for (int q = 0; q < quadr.points.rows(); ++q)
        {
            const RowVectorNd p = quadr.points.row(q) - centers_.row(j);
            const double r = p.norm();
            const RowVectorNd gradPhi = p * kernel_prime(is_volume(), r) / r * quadr.weights(q);
            K_cst(j) += kernel(is_volume(), r) * quadr.weights(q);
            K_lin.row(j) += gradPhi;
            for (int d = 0; d < dim; ++d)
            {
                K_mix(j, d) += quadr.points(q, (d + 1) % dim) * gradPhi(d) + quadr.points(q, d) * gradPhi((d + 1) % dim);
            }
            K_sqr.row(j) += (quadr.points.row(q).array() * gradPhi.array()).matrix();
        }
    }
 
    // I_lin = ∫x, ∫y, ∫z
    // I_sqr = ∫x², ∫y², ∫z²
    // I_mix = ∫xy, ∫yz, ∫zx
    Eigen::RowVectorXd I_lin = (quadr.points.array().colwise() * quadr.weights.array()).colwise().sum();
    Eigen::RowVectorXd I_sqr = (quadr.points.array().square().colwise() * quadr.weights.array()).colwise().sum();
    Eigen::RowVectorXd I_mix(3);
    I_mix(0) = (quadr.points.col(0).array() * quadr.points.col(1).array() * quadr.weights.array()).sum();
    I_mix(1) = (quadr.points.col(1).array() * quadr.points.col(2).array() * quadr.weights.array()).sum();
    I_mix(2) = (quadr.points.col(2).array() * quadr.points.col(0).array() * quadr.weights.array()).sum();
    double volume = quadr.weights.sum();
 
    // std::cout << I_lin << std::endl;
    // std::cout << I_mix << std::endl;
    // std::cout << I_sqr << std::endl;
 
    // Compute M
    Eigen::Matrix<double, 9, 9> M;
    M << volume, 0, 0, I_lin(1), 0, I_lin(2), 2 * I_lin(0), 0, 0,
        0, volume, 0, I_lin(0), I_lin(2), 0, 0, 2 * I_lin(1), 0,
        0, 0, volume, 0, I_lin(1), I_lin(0), 0, 0, 2 * I_lin(2),
        I_lin(1), I_lin(0), 0, I_sqr(0) + I_sqr(1), I_mix(2), I_mix(1), 2 * I_mix(0), 2 * I_mix(0), 0,
        0, I_lin(2), I_lin(1), I_mix(2), I_sqr(1) + I_sqr(2), I_mix(0), 0, 2 * I_mix(1), 2 * I_mix(1),
        I_lin(2), 0, I_lin(0), I_mix(1), I_mix(0), I_sqr(2) + I_sqr(0), 2 * I_mix(2), 0, 2 * I_mix(2),
        2 * I_lin(0), 0, 0, 2 * I_mix(0), 0, 2 * I_mix(2), 4 * I_sqr(0), 0, 0,
        0, 2 * I_lin(1), 0, 2 * I_mix(0), 2 * I_mix(1), 0, 0, 4 * I_sqr(1), 0,
        0, 0, 2 * I_lin(2), 0, 2 * I_mix(1), 2 * I_mix(2), 0, 0, 4 * I_sqr(2);
    Eigen::Matrix<double, 1, 9> M_rhs;
    M_rhs.segment<3>(0) = I_lin;
    M_rhs.segment<3>(3) = I_mix;
    M_rhs.segment<3>(6) = I_sqr;
    // M_rhs << I_lin, I_mix, I_sqr;
    M.bottomRows(dim).rowwise() += 2.0 * M_rhs;
    // TODO
    //  assert(false);
 
    show_matrix_stats(M);
 
    // Compute L
    C.resize(9, num_kernels + 1 + dim + dim * (dim + 1) / 2);
    C.setZero();
    C.block(0, 0, dim, num_kernels) = K_lin.transpose();
    C.block(dim, 0, dim, num_kernels) = K_mix.transpose();
    C.block(dim + dim, 0, dim, num_kernels) = 2.0 * (K_sqr.colwise() + K_cst).transpose();
    C.block(dim + dim, num_kernels, dim, 1).setConstant(2.0 * volume);
    C.bottomRightCorner(9, 9) = M;
    // std::cout << C.bottomRightCorner(9, 12) << std::endl;
}
void RBFWithQuadraticLagrange::compute_constraints_matrix_3d( {…}
 
// -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
 
void RBFWithQuadraticLagrange::compute_weights(const LinearAssembler &assembler, const Eigen::MatrixXd &samples,
                                               const Eigen::MatrixXd &local_basis_integral, const Quadrature &quadr,
                                               Eigen::MatrixXd &b, bool with_constraints)
{
    logger().trace("#kernel centers: {}", centers_.rows());
    logger().trace("#collocation points: {}", samples.rows());
    logger().trace("#quadrature points: {}", quadr.weights.size());
    logger().trace("#non-vanishing bases: {}", b.cols());
    logger().trace("#constraints: {}", b.cols());
 
    // Compute A
    Eigen::MatrixXd A;
    compute_kernels_matrix(samples, A);
 
    if (!with_constraints)
    {
        // Solve the system
        const int num_kernels = centers_.rows();
        logger().trace("-- Solving system of size {}x{}", num_kernels, num_kernels);
        weights_ = (A.transpose() * A).ldlt().solve(A.transpose() * b);
        logger().trace("-- Solved!");
 
        return;
    }
 
    const int num_bases = b.cols();
 
    const Eigen::MatrixXd At = A.transpose();
 
    // Compute C
    Eigen::MatrixXd C;
    if (is_volume())
    {
        compute_constraints_matrix_3d(num_bases, quadr, C);
    }
    else
    {
        compute_constraints_matrix_2d(assembler, num_bases, quadr, C);
    }
 
    const int dim = centers_.cols();
    assert(centers_.rows() + 1 + dim + dim * (dim + 1) / 2 > C.rows());
    logger().trace("#constraints: {}", C.rows());
 
    // Compute rhs = [ A^T b; d ]
    assert(local_basis_integral.cols() == C.rows());
    assert(local_basis_integral.rows() == b.cols());
    assert(A.rows() == b.rows());
    Eigen::MatrixXd rhs(A.cols() + local_basis_integral.cols(), b.cols());
    rhs.topRows(A.cols()) = At * b;
    rhs.bottomRows(local_basis_integral.cols()) = local_basis_integral.transpose();
 
    // Compute M = [ A^T A, C^T; C, 0]
    assert(C.cols() == A.cols());
    assert(A.rows() == b.rows());
    Eigen::MatrixXd M(A.cols() + C.rows(), A.cols() + C.rows());
    M.topLeftCorner(A.cols(), A.cols()) = At * A;
    M.topRightCorner(A.cols(), C.rows()) = C.transpose();
    M.bottomLeftCorner(C.rows(), A.cols()) = C;
    M.bottomRightCorner(C.rows(), C.rows()).setZero();
 
    // std::cout << M.bottomRightCorner(10, 10) << std::endl;
 
    // Solve the system
    logger().trace("-- Solving system of size {}x{}", M.rows(), M.cols());
    auto ldlt = M.ldlt();
    if (ldlt.info() == Eigen::NumericalIssue)
    {
        logger().error("-- WARNING: Numerical issues when solving the harmonic least square.");
    }
    const auto tmp = ldlt.solve(rhs);
    weights_ = tmp.topRows(A.cols());
    logger().trace("-- Solved!");
    logger().trace("-- Mean residual: {}", (A * weights_ - b).array().abs().colwise().maxCoeff().mean());
    logger().trace("-- Max constraints error: {}", (C * weights_ - local_basis_integral.transpose()).array().abs().maxCoeff());
 
    //    {
    //  std::ofstream file;
    //  file.open("M.txt");
    //  file << M;
    //  file.close();
    // }
 
    // {
    //  std::ofstream file;
    //  file.open("C.txt");
    //  file << C;
    //  file.close();
    // }
 
    // {
    //  std::ofstream file;
    //  file.open("b.txt");
    //  file << local_basis_integral.transpose();
    //  file.close();
    // }
 
    //    {
    //  std::ofstream file;
    //  file.open("rhs.txt");
    //  file << rhs;
    //  file.close();
    // }
 
    // std::cout << M.bottomRightCorner(10, 10) << std::endl;
 
#if 0
    // Compute rhs = [ A^T b; d ]
    assert(local_basis_integral.cols() == C.rows());
    assert(local_basis_integral.rows() == b.cols());
    assert(A.rows() == b.rows());
    Eigen::MatrixXd rhs(A.cols() + local_basis_integral.cols(), b.cols());
    rhs.topRows(A.cols()) = At * b;
    rhs.bottomRows(local_basis_integral.cols()) = local_basis_integral.transpose();
 
    // Compute M = [ A^T A, C^T; C, 0]
    assert(C.cols() == A.cols());
    assert(A.rows() == b.rows());
    Eigen::MatrixXd M(A.cols() + C.rows(), A.cols() + C.rows());
    M.topLeftCorner(A.cols(), A.cols()) = At * A;
    M.topRightCorner(A.cols(), C.rows()) = C.transpose();
    M.bottomLeftCorner(C.rows(), A.cols()) = C;
    M.bottomRightCorner(C.rows(), C.rows()).setZero();
 
    // std::cout << M.bottomRightCorner(10, 10) << std::endl;
 
    // Solve the system
    logger().trace("-- Solving system of size {}x{}", M.rows(), M.cols());
    auto ldlt = M.ldlt();
    if (ldlt.info() == Eigen::NumericalIssue) {
        logger().error("-- WARNING: Numerical issues when solving the harmonic least square.");
    }
    weights_ = ldlt.solve(rhs).topRows(A.cols());
    logger().trace("-- Solved!");
    logger().trace("-- Mean residual: {}", (A * weights_ - b).array().abs().colwise().maxCoeff().mean());
 
 
    Eigen::MatrixXd MM, x, dx, val;
    basis(0, quadr.points, val);
    grad(0, quadr.points, MM);
    int dim = (is_volume() ? 3 : 2);
    for (int d = 0; d < dim; ++d) {
        // basis(0, quadr.points, x);
        // auto asd = quadr.points;
        // asd.col(d).array() += 1e-7;
        // basis(0, asd, dx);
        // std::cout << (dx - x) / 1e-7 - MM.col(d) << std::endl;
        std::cout << (MM.col(d).array() * quadr.weights.array()).sum() - local_basis_integral(0, d) << std::endl;
        std::cout << ((
                MM.col((d+1)%dim).array() * quadr.points.col(d).array()
                + MM.col(d).array() * quadr.points.col((d+1)%dim).array()
            ) * quadr.weights.array()).sum() - local_basis_integral(0, (dim == 2 ? 2 : (dim+d) )) << std::endl;
        std::cout << 2.0 * (
                (quadr.points.col(d).array() * MM.col(d).array()
                + val.array())
            * quadr.weights.array()
            ).sum() - local_basis_integral(0, (dim == 2 ? (3 + d) : (dim+dim+d))) << std::endl;
    }
#endif
}
void RBFWithQuadraticLagrange::compute_weights(const LinearAssembler &assembler, const Eigen::MatrixXd &samples, {…}